MAJOR CULTIVARS OF COTTON IN PAKISTAN

3. SARMAST (S-59-1):

 This cultivar was also evolved in ARI, Tandojam (Sindh). It was released in 1975 particularly for the Khairpur and Sukkar districts of Sindh. Its yield and other qualities are similar to that o Qallandri.

4. NIAB-86 : It was developed at the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB, Faisalabad. It was approved in 1990 for general cultivation in Pakistan. It is a high yielding, tall, and early-maturing cultivar, which is fairly resistant to insect-pests. Its staple length is 29 mm and lint 34.5%.

MAJOR CULTIVARS OF COTTON IN PAKISTAN AND THEIR MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

Rameez Hassan1, Muhammad Waqas Azam2, Ahmad Mahmood3*, Tauqir Ahmed3, Muhammad Omer3 and Zahid Riaz Butt4

1 Department of Food Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi

2 Department of Horticulture, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi

3 Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi

4 Department of Economics and Agriculture Economics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

1. RAVI:

 It was released in 1982 for general cultivation in the Punjab.

 It is an early maturing cultivar, enabling wheat sowing after its harvest.

 Yield higher than other desi cultivars.

 It is comparatively resistant to insect-pests and diseases.

 Ginning out-turn 41%, Staple length 14.5 mm.

2. QALLANDRI (H_59_1):

 This upland cotton cultivar has been developed by agriculture research institute ARI Tandojam (Sindh).

 It was released in 1974 for cultivation in Nawabshah, Dadu and Hyderabad districts of Sindh.

 It is a high yielding cultivar with 33.5% ginning out-turns and 28.6 mm staple length.

3. SARMAST (S-59-1):

 This cultivar was also evolved in ARI, Tandojam (Sindh).

 It was released in 1975 particularly for the Khairpur and Sukkar districts of Sindh.

 Its yield and other qualities are similar to that o Qallandri.

4. NIAB-86 :

 It was developed at the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB, Faisalabad.

 It was approved in 1990 for general cultivation in Pakistan.

 It is a high yielding, tall, and early-maturing cultivar, which is fairly resistant to insect-pests.

 Its staple length is 29 mm and lint 34.5%.

5. GOHAR-87 :

 It is hybrid cultivar, also released in1990for general cultivation in Pakistan.

 Its staple length is 28 mm, and lint 35%.

 It is a tall and stout cultivar, resistant to lodging and sucking insects.

6. GOMAL-93 :

 Like Gohar-87, it is also evolved by hybridization and selection.

 It was approved in 1994 for general cultivation in D.I. Khan district of NWFP.

 It is a semi-bushy cultivar with symbodial growth habit.

 Its staple length is 27.5 mm with 34% lint.

7. 231 R :

 Originally developed in India.

 Released in the Punjab in 1959 because of its higher yield and superior fiber qualities compared to ’39 Molisoni’.

 Ginning out-turn 36%, staple length 12.7-15.9 mm, micronaire value 7-9.

8. D 9 :

 A reselection from ‘Haroonabadi Desi’.

 Released in 1971.

 A sympodial, early maturing variety with broad leaves and white flowers.

 The fiber is very short (9.5-15.9 mm.

 Ginning out-turn 40%.

 A rough and harsh variety recommended for the sub mountainous districts of the Punjab.

9. TD 1:

 Also a sympodial type with broad leaves and white flowers.

 Fiber even harsher than that of D 9.

 Fiber length 9.5-15.9 mm.

 Grown in parts of Khairpur and Nawabshah Districts of Sindh.

10. S.K.D. 10/19 :

 A reselection from TD 1.

 Fiber slightly harsher than that of TD 1.

 Yield higher than Td1. Ginning out-turn 40%.

 . Released in 1975 for cultivation in Sindh.

11. ROHI:

 Developed by crossing Haroonabad local and D 9.

 Released in 1986.

 Recommended for parts of Bahawalpur District.

 Leaves hairy, discouraging the attack of sucking insects.

 High yielding.

 Ginning out-turn 405. Staple length 14 mm. Micronaire value 7.9.

12. Gossypium hirsutum:

 Upland cotton

 80-90% of world market

 short to medium fibers (2-3 cm; middle stapled variety.

13. Gossypium barbadense:

 Island cotton

 10-20% of global market high-quality,

 long to very long fibers Sea (3-4 cm; long stapled variety.

14. Gossypium. herbaceum:

 The annual or the hardy cotton bush G.

 arboreum produces fibers with a length of 1.8-2.2 cm.

 Long stapled varieties are cultivated mostly in Egypt and Peru.

15. Gossypium Arboreum:

 5% Perennial plant grows up to 2 meters with red flowers.

 Poor quality fibers in East Africa and South East Asia.

16. FH 87 :

 Developed through hybridization between AC134 and Paymaster.

 Released 1988. medium tall (125-150 mm).

 Early maturing and high yielding.

 Resistant to sucking insects.

 Highest seed-oil percentage of all existing cotton varieties. staple length 27.8 mm.

 Lint percentage 36.8.

 Strength 96,000 lb/sq in.

 Fineness value 4.2.

17. SLH 41 :

 Developed through Hybridization between 9209 F. Mysore American and 149 F. Mex 68.

 Released in 1984.

 Tall (165 cm).

 Resistant to some extent against sucking insects.

 Can successfully be grown even with low inputs. lint percentage 36.7.

 Staple length 27.8 mm.

 Fiber strength 95,800 Ib/sq in.

 Fineness value 4.4.

18. RH I :

 Result of hybridization of (LH 62 .W 1104).

 Released 1990 in Bahawalpur Division.

 Medium tall (120-150cm.

 Early maturing, allowing the sowing of wheat after its harvest in Nov.-Dec.

 Staple length 29.6 mm.

 Lint percentage 31.6. Fiber strength 103,000 lb/sq in.

 Micronaire value 3.9.

 Staple of RH I is the finest and strongest of the cultivars discussed here.

19. 39-MOLLISONI :

 Desi cotton.

 Released in 1934, because of its higher yield compared to an earlier variety i.e. 15 Mollisoni.

 Its staple length is 17.8 mm, and its ginning turnout is 36%.

20. 15 MOLLISONI :

 Desi cotton.

 It is a low yielding cultivar.

21. 119 SANGUINEUM :

 Approved in 1941 for general cultivation in Multan to replace the local variety which was a mixture of many biotypes.

 High yielding and early maturing.

 Staple length 17.5 mm.

 Ginning out-turn 35 %.

22. 4 F :

 Released in 1914.

 This was the first upland cotton variety evolved at Faisalabad.

 The plant type was bushy and medium tall, with hairy leaves.

 The staple length is 22.2 mm.

 Ginning out-turn is 33%.

 4F went out of cultivation in the 1940’s.

23. 289 F :

 Evolved in Faisalabad.

 Approved for Multan district in 1928.

 Plant type was bushy.

 Staple length 25 mm.

24. 124 F:

 Direct selection from 289 F’.

 Slightly earlier.

 High yielding.

 Long staple length.

 Greater ginning out-turns than 289 F’.

 Released for general cultivation in 1945.

25. 199 F:

 Developed from a natural hybrid in Multan in 1936.

 Its progeny were very variable.

 Out of them one hairy plant was selected, which ultimately gave rise to 199F.

 This variety is mid-season.

 Staple length of 25 mm.

 Ginning out-turn 34%.

26. AC 134:

 Approved for general cultivation in 1958.

 High yielding.

 Early maturing.

 Jassid resistant.

 Staple length 26 mm.

 Ginning out-turn 34%.

 Developed from the cross ‘148 F. 199F’ at Faisalabad.

27. LASSANI II:

 Evolved by single plant selection from an old variety.

 The plant is tall, profusely hairy.

 Resistant to jassid.

 Medium in maturity.

 Ginning out-turn 32.7%.

 Staple length 28mm.

 Capable of spinning65’s.

 Approved for general cultivation in 1958.

28. BS I (13/26):

 A selection from the ‘M 4’ variety of Sindh.

 Fuzzy seeded.

 Early maturing.

 Drought resistant.

 High yielding.

 Released for general cultivation in 1962.

29. MS 39:

 Evolved from a natural hybrid.

 Sympodial in habit.

 Early maturing.

 Staple length about 32 mm.

 Approved in 1970 for cultivation in Multan Zone.

30. M 100:

 Developed from the backcross progeny of (‘M 4’ and Wild ‘M 4’).

 Plants erect to bushy, with broad lobes and spreading out branches.

 Early maturing.

 Staple length 26.2-27 mm.

 Ginning out-turn 34.5%.

 Approved for general cultivation in Sindh.

31. QALLANDRI:

 Approved for cultivation in 1974.

 Staple length 28.6 mm.

 Ginning out-turn 33.5%.

 Micronaire value 3.5-3.7.

 Being grown in parts of Nawabshah, Dadu, and Hyderabad Districts of Sindh.

32. 149 F:

 Results of hybridization between ‘124 F’ and ‘ Babdel’.

 Released in 1971 for general cultivation in Multan Division.

 The plants are medium in maturity and height.

 Susceptible to sucking insects.

 Early to medium in maturity.

 High yielding.

 Staple length 27.9 mm.

 Ginning out-turn 34%.

 Fiber strength 93,000ib/sq in.

 Fineness value 4.5.

33. B 557:

 Developed through hybridization between ‘268 F’ and ‘L 5 ‘.

 Released for general cultivation in 1976.

 Plants tall, bushy.

 Resistant to the sucking insect complex.

 High yielding variety. lint 35%.

 Staple length 27.5 mm.

 Fiber strength 94,000 Ib/sq in.

 Micronaire value 4.2.

34. ‘ MS 84 ‘:

 Developed from a cross between ‘MS 40. DPL 16.

 Medium in height.

 Susceptible to sucking insects.

 Released in 1983.

 Yield comparatively low due to high quality cotton.

 Staple length 33 mm. lint 34%.

 Fiber strength91,300 Ib/sq in.

 Fineness value 4.5.

35. CIM 109:

 Developed through hybridization between NIAB 78 and.

 Approved for general cultivation in 1990 for Bahawalpur, Multan and D.G.Khan Divisions.

 Medium maturing.

 Heat tolerant and can therefore be successfully grown in May.

 Staple length 27.5 mm.

 Lint 35%.

 Strength 92,000Ib/sq in.

 Fineness value 4.5.

36. ‘CIM 70’:

 The parentage of this variety is (‘149 F’, Coker 100 WA’ and Coker 8314)

 Approved for general cultivation in 1986.

 Short statured (100-110. .

 Early maturing.

 High yielding.

 Heat tolerant.

 Because of its early maturing wheat can easily be grown after cotton is harvested.

 Its lint percentage is 31.2%.

 Staple length 29 mm.

 Fineness 4.2.

 Strength is 92,000 lb/sq in.

 This cultivar is highly susceptible to sucking insects.

37. S 12:

 Result of hybridization between MNH 93 and Arizona 7203-14-4.

 Approved during 1988 for cultivation.

 Short stature.

 Early maturing.

 High yielding.

 Liked by farmers as well as ginners for its high lint percentage(41.3%. .

 Staple length is 28.2 mm.

 Strength 94,000 Ib/sq in.

 Micronaire value 4.7.

38. NIAB 78 :

 Developed by irradiating the F1 hybrid of ‘AC 134’ and ‘Deltapine 16’.

 Approved for general cultivation in 1983.

 Medium tall (130-140 cm).

 Early maturing.

 High yielding.

 Can be grown on a variety of soils under a variety of climatic conditions from Faisalabad to Sindh.

 Lint 36%.

 Fiber length 27.5 mm.

 Strength 93,000 Ib/sq in.

 Fineness 4.5.

39. ‘MNH 93’ :

 The result of a cross (‘124 F’, Badbel’, MS 39 and Mex 12′)

 Released in 1980.

 Medium tall (100-140 cm)

 High yielding.

 Tendency to lodge under a heavy load of bolls, due to weakness of its stem.

 Staple length 28.8 mm.

 Lint 37.7%.

 Strength 94,200 lb/sq in .

 Micronaire value 4.3.

40. NIBGE-2 :

 It is formed by the cross of LRA-5166 and S-12.

 It was developed by the Plant Genomics and Molecular Breeding in Faisalabad.

 It was released in December 2006.

 It is resistant to the Multan strain of cotton leaf curl disease.

 It is best suited for irrigated as well as drought prone areas of Pakistan.

 Micronaire readings of NIBGE-2 averaged 0.1 units higher than that of CIM 473 but similar to CIM 499.

41. Giza 88:

 Produced the highest overall yield,

 Seed index and boll weight.

 Giza 88 produced superior fiber than all other cultivars.

42. CRIS-9:

 High lint percentage.

 Good quality fiber.

 Early maturing.

 Tall heighted.

43. Shaheen:

 Tall sized.

 Early maturing.

 More fiber length.

44. NIAB-78:

 Tall heighted.

 Early maturing.

 High lint percentage.

45. CRIS-468:

 It gives poor germination and so resulted in lower plant population.

 It is susceptible to viral diseases by 6.03%

46. CRIS-467 :

 Its germination is poor and so results in lower plant population.

 Plant height is 161 cm.

47. SLH-257 :

 Lower yield.

 Short stature.

 Germination was found to be poor which resulted in lower plant population.

48. NIAB-111:

 Early maturing.

 High yielding.

 Good fiber strength.

 Best considered variety.

49. NIAB-98 :

 Early maturing variety.

 Short statured variety.

 High yielding.

50. NIAB-999 :

 Early maturing cultivar.

 Tall statured.

 Medium yield.

51. MNH 642:

 Early maturing.

 Highest maturity at 85.5% maturity.

 Tall heighted (160.7 cm).

 Lint is 45%.

52. SLH 224:

 Early maturing variety.

 Long statured (159.4 cm).

53. CIM-499:

 Short statured cultivar.

 Fiber length is 31.38 mm.

 Fiber firmness is 4 ig/in.

54. CIM-506 :

 Short statured variety.

 Low yielding variety.

55. MNH-635:

 It has 44.59% GOT %.

 Long statured.

 High yielding.

 Fine lint.

56. VH-142:

 IT has 43.33 % GOT %.

 Fine lint.

 Medium stature.

 Low yielding.

58. BH-160:

 fiber fineness 4.07ìg/inch.

 Its fiber length is 30.23 mm

59. CIM-707:

 Its fiber length is 30.85mm.

 Medium sized.

 High yielding.

60. CIM-473:

 Its fiber length is 30.72mm.

 Tall heighted.

61. FH-925:

 Its fiber length is 29.77mm.

 Fine Quality.

 Better yielding.

 Fine lint.

62. CIM497:

 Its fiber length is 29.42mm.

 Fine lint.

 Tall statured.

63. CIM-511 :

 Its fiber length is 29.38mm.

 High yielding.

 Better quality.

64. NIBGE-1 :

 Highest maturity index (i.e. 90.30%)

 High yielding.

 Tall statured.

 Good fiber quality.

65. NIAB-999 :

 Maturity index is 89.55% .

 It is a high yielding cultivar.

 Tall heighted.

66. CRIS-168:

 Medium heighted variety.

 Early maturing.

 It is high yielding variety.

 It’s susceptible to viral diseases by 9.77%.

67. CRIS-467 :

 Early maturing.

 It is found to be 1.81% viral susceptible.

 Tall heighted variety.

 High yielding variety.

68. MNH 147:

 It is American cotton.

 It is high yielding.

 It is medium statured.

 Fine lint.

69. NIAB Karishma:

 It is an American variety cultivated in Pakistan.

 It is high yielding.

 It is tall heighted.

 It has fine Lint.

 Good fiber strength.

70. CIM 448 :

 It is also an American cultivar.

 It is high yielding cultivar.

 Tall heighted

 Better fiber strength

71. BH 36:

 American variety.

 Better yielding.

72. FH-634:

 American variety.

 It is also a better yielding Cultivar.

73. SLS-I:

 It is also an American variety being cultivated in Pakistan.

 Good yielding cultivar.