Every living organism requires water for its sustainable development and survival. Unfortunately, day to day water is escalating down to scarcity. Presently, Pakistan is rated amongst the water stress countries where per capita water availability is less than 1600m3 per…
Mushrooms: Although mushrooms are classified as vegetables but mushrooms belong to the kingdom Fungi and are actually fungi which bear a distinctive fruiting body and they are large enough to be seen with naked eye and can be picked by…
Introduction: A method or sustainable technique for crop and livestock production which involves enhancement of natural fertility of land besides avoiding the use of synthetic pesticides,…
How pesticide contaminates the ground water Ground water is a source of water which presents below surface of water. While pesticide is the term used to kill pests .But in one side we are getting benefits from pesticide by controlling…
Performance study of Different Direct Solar Dryers written by . Syed Mudabbar Hussain Shah, The Author is final year student of B.Sc (Hons.) in Food Engineering Department of Food Engineering University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. In a direct solar dryer, the moisture of the…
Insects are a source of transmission of plant viruses it depends upon four components. Availability of virus in the diseased source plant, and susceptibility of healthy plants used as indicators of transmission, transmitting ability of vector, trainability of virus. Better…
Introduction: Air masses are the huge body (bubbles) of air whose specific properties of humidity, temperature at any latitude are homogeneous in any direction around the global. The term ‘air mass’ was introduced some 70 years ago by Norwegian meteorologists…
Introduction Fertilizers are important for proper growth and proper functioning of plant. Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium are necessary for plant. Nitrogen is an important component of protein and protoplasm, its shortage lead to yellowing of leaves and stops the growth…
In the MAP process, there are different systems that have been developed for different food requirements. Vacuum Packaging Vacuum packaging involves the removal of air, particularly oxygen, to create a vacuum to prevent oxidation. Oxidation refers to…
In developing countries of Asia, environmental pollution is the major problem. Pakistan is also facing the serious threat of environmental pollution. This is mainly results due to different activities performed by men e,g agricultural practices, transportation , construction, which not…