Early blight (EB) is a disease of potato caused by the fungus Alternaria solani. It is found wherever potatoes are grown. The disease primarily affects leaves and stems, but under favorable weather conditions, and if left uncontrolled, can result in…
The disease was first of all reported from Sweden by Fries in 1819. Now it has been reported from almost all parts of the world wherever apple or crab apple is grown. In Pakistan it has been reported from…
It is a common disease in the rice growing countries of South Eastern Asia and also in Japan. It cause losses at three distinct phases. Firstly, poor germination of infected seeds. Secondly, leaf infection during seedling stage. Thirdly, shriveling and…
This is the most important fungal disease of groundnut. Losses due to this disease may go up to 15-50% and 70%, if associated with rust (Puccinia arachidicola). Symptoms :All the aerial parts of the plants are attacked. In case of…
Root-knot nematodes are plant-parasitic nematodes from the genus Meloidogyne. They exist in soil in areas with hot climates or short winters. About 2000 plants are susceptible to infection by root-knot nematodes and they cause approximately 5% of global crop loss…
Anguina tritici was the first plant parasitic nematode to be described in the literature in 1743. It causes a disease in wheat and rye called “ear-cockle” or seed gall. Originally found in many parts of the world but has…
Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. The Potyviridae are a family of plant viruses. They are flexuous filamentous rod-shaped particles. Their genome is composed of positive-sense RNA which is surrounded by a protein…
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus that infects plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae. The infection causes characteristic patterns (mottling and discoloration) on the leaves (hence the name). TMV was the…
Wild potato mosaic virus (WPMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae.The Potyviridae are a family of plant viruses. They are flexuous filamentous rod-shaped particles. Their genome is composed of positive-sense RNA which is surrounded by a…
Bacterial soft rot is the most serious causes of potato losses in storages. Soft rot bacteria infect potato tubers which have been damaged by mechanical injury or the presence of other diseases. Bacterial soft rot develops much faster when potatoes…