(Written by: Khadija Tehseen Arshad)
“Growth is actually a complex processes with different organs developing, growing and dying in overlapping sequences”. It is also: “Irreversible increase in size, weight, or volume”.
Types of growth:
There are basically two types of growth:
- Determinate growth
- Indeterminate growth
Determinate growth:
It is the type of growth in which a plant first completes its vegetative growth and then it shifts to the reproductive growth.
For example, wheat.
Indeterminate growth:
In this type of growth, both stages “vegetative and reproductive” of a plant goes side by side.
For example, Cotton.
Phases of growth:
Basically, there are two phases of growth:
- Vegetative
- Reproductive
Vegetative phase:
It is that stage of growth when a plant develops its vegetative part. For example, leaves, roots, stem etc.
Reproductive phase:
It is that stage of growth when a plant develops its reproductive part. For example, ovaries, anthers etc.
Growth stages for Cereals crops:
There are different stages of crop for the cereal cops that are:
- Vegetative stage
- Stem elongation stage
- Booting stage
- Heading stage
- Anthesis stage
- Milking stage
- Dough stage
- Ripe seed stage
Vegetative stage:
In this stage of growth, leaves emerge from the plant.(stem elongation process not started).
Stem elongation stage:
In this stage of development, stem elongation starts, specify early or late jointing.
Booting stage:
In this stage, flower head is enclosed in flag leaf sheath and not showing.
Heading:
In this stage, flower head emerging or emerged from flag leaf sheath but not shedding pollen.
Anthesis:
In this flowering stage, anthers shedding pollen.
Milking stage:
Seed immature, endosperm milky.
Dough stage:
In this stage, well developed seed is produced.
Ripe seed:
Seed ripe, leaves green to yellow brown.
Growth stages for legume crops:
There are different growth stages for the legume crops, that are:
- Late vegetative
- Early bud
- Mid bud
- Late bud
- First bloom
- Mid bloom
- Full bloom
Late vegetative:
In this stage of leguminous crop, the crop has no visible buds, flowers, or seed pods. Stem at least 12 inch tall.
Early bud:
In this stage of growth and development, flowers start to visible on at least one stem(1%).
Mid bud:
In this stage of development of plant, Half (50%) of the stems have at least one bud.
Late bud:
In this stage of plant growth, 75% of the stems has at least one bud and no visible flower.
First bloom:
In this stage, flowers emerge on at least one stem.
Mid bloom:
In this stage, 50% stems of plant have at least one flower.
Full bloom:
In this stage of growth of a plant, 75% of the stems have at least one flower, and no visible seed pods.
About Author:
Written by: Khadija Tehseen Arshad
Department: Agronomy
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
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