Koch’s Postulates and their Modifications in 21st Century
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- Created on Sunday, 08 July 2012 19:47
- Written by Fredericks DN, & Relman DA (1996).-Lipkin, W. (2008).
Koch’s Postulates and their Modifications in 21st Century: In 1884, Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler tried to define criteria for identification of any pathogen associated with a particular disease in living organisms. These postulates were further refined by Koch and published in 1890. Koch, primarily set these postulates to establish the association of Bacillus anthracis with the anthrax of ca
IPM strategies for Burewala Strain of Cotton Virus (BSCV)
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- Created on Friday, 04 May 2012 17:54
- Written by Muhammad Amjad Ali
Leaf curl disease is caused by a Gemini group of viruses and is transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.). In Pakistan, cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) was first observed on stray plants in 1967 but appeared at epidemic level for the first time in 1989 over a limited area. CLCuV, as a disease, was overlooked until 1992 when it devastated cotton production in the Punjab (Pakistan). In 1993-94,
Environmental hazards of pesticides
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- Created on Sunday, 29 January 2012 10:37
- Written by M. Saleem & Dr M. Arshad
ABOUT 25 million agricultural workers in developing countries suffer from pesticide poisoning each year that includes a significant number of women, says the World Health Organization (WHO). Most of the applied pesticides in these countries have been classified by the WHO as class one pesticides like monocrotophos, methamidophos, endosulfan and carbufurun. These play havoc with biodiversity, envir
Cotton crop hit by rain and pests
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- Created on Sunday, 29 January 2012 10:20
- Written by Nasir Jamal
TOWARDS the close of the third week of this month, the Punjab agriculture minister was reported to have directed the Extension and Pest Warning Wing officials to be, “alert and remain present in the fields to have a close watch over the situation created by the monsoon rains for the cotton crop”. He was quoted as directing the officials to “have close liaison with the cotton growers to provide them
Locust weed in riverine belt
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- Created on Wednesday, 18 January 2012 10:43
- Written by Shaukat Ali Bhambhro
Calotropis (Calotrops procera) is a common weed in Katcho area (riverine belt) of District Khairpur. This weed plant, is locally known as the Akh. It belongs to the Asclepiadaceae family which includes 280 genera and 2000 species of world wide distribution but most abundant in the sub-tropics and tropics, and rare in cold countries. Calotropis yields a durable fibre useful for ropes, carpets, fis
Boll worm problem in Sindh
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- Created on Thursday, 12 January 2012 11:19
- Written by Shaukat Ali Bhambhro
In Sindh the wheat production target of 2.256 million tons has been fixed for 2004-2005. The projected 45 to 50 per cent water shortage and the delayed removal of cotton crop from fields have given rise to apprehensions that the wheat target for current Rabi season may not be achieved. Last year, high price of phutti (seed cotton) had tempted the growers to keep cotton crop in the field till the
Sheesham’ disease stages a comeback
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- Created on Wednesday, 11 January 2012 14:37
- Written by Eftiqar Haider
TAHLI (Sheesham/ Dalbergia Sissoo) — a high quality broad leaf, dark brown tree about 30 to 45 feet tall — has spread to almost every area located at 120m to 1,250m above the sea level owing to the environment of the sub-continent Punjab apart, the genus Dalbergia has more than 300 species and many other tropical and sub-tropical areas of Asia, Africa, South Africa, Central America, South America
Damage to peach crop in Swat likely
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- Created on Wednesday, 11 January 2012 14:06
- Written by Sher Baz Khan
Thousands of tons of peach crop is feared to be wasted in the Malakand division this season again as mass exodus of people continues from the area after the launch of military operation ‘Rah-i-Haq-II’ for flashing out Taliban. The Pakistan Horticulture Development and Export Board (PHD&B) has said that the peach crop is in full bloom in Swat. But deteriorating law and order situation in Swat has c
Combating rust in wheat
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- Created on Monday, 09 January 2012 14:16
- Written by www.dawn.com
RUSTS are fungal diseases of plants called Puccinia (family Puccinaceae). These are most destructive diseases worldwide and have the ability to destroy the entire wheat crop. They have the ability to form new races that can attack previously resistant cultivars, and have the capacity to move long distances with potential to develop rapidly under optimal environmental conditions resulting in seriou